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A R T E S SCIENTIA VERITAS
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NEW
UNIVERSAL GAZETTEER,
OR
GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY,
CONTAINina
A DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS COUNTRIES, PROVINCES, CITIES, TOWNS, SEAS,
LAKES, RIVERS, MOUNTAINS, CAPES, Uq:
Uf THE
KNOWN WORLD.
WITH AN
APPENDIX,
COirr AINUTG Air ACCOFITT of the KOiriSS, weights and MEABVREB OJr VARIOVI COUVTRISt, WTTB TABLES ILLUSTRATING THE POPULATION, COMMERCE, AND RESOURCES OVTHB UNITED STATU.
ACCOMPANIED WITH AN ATLAS.
BT JEDIDIAH MORSE, D. D. A. A. S. S. H. S.
AND
RICHARD C. MORSE, A. M.
FOURTH EDITION REVISED AND CORRECTED.
NEW-HAVEN:
FRISTED AND PUBLISHED BT 8. CONVKBFE.
1823. -» *■
DISTRICT OF COJmECTICVT, as.
JBE IT REMEMBERED, That on the eighth day of August, in the forty-sixth year of the Independence of the United States of America, Jkdidiah Morbx, and I llicHARD C. Moris, of the eaid District, hare deposited in this Office the title of a Book,the right whereof they claim as Authors and Proprietors, in the words following, to wit : — ** A New Universal Gazetteer, or Geographical Dictionary, containing a de- scriptioij of the various countries, provinces, cities, townt, teas, lakes, rivers, mountains, capes, &c. in the known world. With an Appendix, containins^ an account of the monies, weights and measures of various countries, with tables illustrating the population, commerce, and resources of the Unitod States. Accompanied with an Atlas. By Jedidiah Morse, D. D. A. A. S. S. H. S. and Richard C. Morse, A. M. Third edition, revised and corrected."
In confurmity to the act of Congress of the United States, entitled, ** An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the time therein mentioned.'*
CHARLES A. INGERSOLL, Clerk of the Dittrict ofConrueHcui. A true copy of Record, examined and sealed by mo,
CHARLES A. INGERSOLL, Clerk oftheDUiricl ofConneUUut,
EXTRACTS FROM THE PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION.
\
THE basis of the present volume, so far as relates to the Eastern Continent, is the New Edinburgh Gazetteer, in six volumes, " exe- cuted by six different authors of literary eminence, each taking a separate department." This work is an ample digest of the most valuable geographical materials recently, published in Great Britain, and appears generally to have faitlifully noticed all the modern chang- es ; a point of the more importance, since the common Gazetteers published in England still continue the insertion of obsolete divisions, and even describe the most noted kingdoms with lK)undai*ies \^ hich have long since ceased to exist. Besides the information derived from tlie Edinburgh Gazetteer, the articles of the Eastern Continent have been improved from a variety of sources, particularly from the works of the best German geographers.
In regard to our own country, the principal dependence in respect to what may be called permanent gco^rapJiy, has been on the various geographicai works of the senior author ; the information in which has been gradually collected during a space of more than tliirty years, partly by correspondence with gentlemen of the first intelli- gence in the various States, and partly by consultation of standard works, as they have appeared from tinic to time. Much information has also been recently collected by correspondence, and extensive personal travels. The valuable works which have lately been pub- lished on various parts of the country, have been systematically, and, it is believed, faithfully digested. A catalogue of the publications to which we are principally indebted, is annexed to this preface.
Particular attention has been given to the accounts of Missionary Stations. The principal authorities in this department of the work are the London Missionary Register, the. Missionary Herald, publish- ed in Boston, and the Reports of the several Missionary Societies. Most of the tables in the Appendix, and the principal articles rela- ting to the United States, were prepared by Sidney E. Morse, A.M. In the tables on the Commerce and Resources of the United States, he derived much assistance from the Statistical works of Pitkin and Scybert ; but the statements are generally exhibited in a new form, and are frequently the result of laborious calculations : many of them, also, are brought down to the present time from other sources.
Abbreviations, though long since abandoned in Great Britain, are slill used by German Geographers, and have been adopted by us. When not carried to excess, they are atlciidcd with obvious advanta- ges. In the present volume, they are usvd only in words of frequent occurrence, and the explanation is gmendly obvious.
New-Haven, Avgust 8th, 1821.
PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION,
THE sale of the third edition of this work, consisting of 3,000 co- pies, in the short space of fifteen months, demands the grateful ac- knowledgments of the authors.
In a work of this nature, it is impossible to avoid error. All that can be reasonably required of the General Geographer, is a diligent collection, and faithful use, of the best materials. To accomplish this we have spajced neither industry nor expense ; yet none can be more sensible than we ourselves, that some articles will be found defective, and some statements erroneous. We shall be much obliged by any communications, which will enable us to improve a future edition. To the Heads of the different departments of the General Govern- ment, and to all the gentlemen, who have obligingly furnished us with information for the improvement of the present edition, we tender our sincere thanks. ^ •
New-Haven, March 27th, 1823.
i
CATALOGUE,
OF THE PRINCIPAL WORKS CONSULTED IN COMPILING THIS GAZETTEER.
Americana Archaeologia, or Transactions of the American Antiquarian Societj,
1st vol. 8vo. Worcester, 1820. American Medical and Philosophical Register, 4 vols. Svo. New- York, 1814. American Missionary Register, New- York. Blodget's Statistical Manual for the United States, 1810. Blunt's Picture of New-York, 1817.
Bouchette's Topographical Account of Canada, and maps, 8vo. London, 1815. Bourne's Map of Ohio, 1 820. Brackenridge's Views of Louisiana, 8vo. 1814. Cannibich's Lehrbuch der Geographie, 7th edition 8vo. pp. 695, Sondershau-
sen, 1 820. Carrigain's map of New-Hampshire, 1818. Cincinnati Directory, I2mo. 1819.
Connecticut and Rhode-Island Gazetteer, by Pease ii Niles, 8vo. 1819. Connecticut, map of, by Warren & Gillet, 1821. Darby's Tour from New- York to Detroit, 8vo. 1819. Dearborn's Memoir of the Commerce and Navigation of the Black Sea, 2 vols.
8vo. Boston, 1819. Drake's Picture of Cincinnati, 12mo. 1815. Dwight's Statistical Account of New-Haven, 1811. Dwight's Travels in New-England and New- York, 4 vols. 8vo. New-Haven,
1821. Eddy's map of New- York, 1818. Edinburgh Review. Emigrant's Guide to the Western and South-Western States, by William Darby,
8vo. 1818. Emigrant's Directory, or Western Gazetteer, by Samuel R. Brown, 8vo. 1817. Field's Statistical Account of the county of Middlesex in Connecticut, 1819. Forbes' Sketches of Florida, Svo. 1821. GreenleaPs Statistical View of Maine, 8vo. 1816. Harmon^s Journal of Travels in the interior of N. America, 8vo. 1820. Hassel's Statistische Uebersichts-Tabellen, folio, Gottingen, 1809. Hassel's Geograpbisch-statistisclies Handworterbuch, octavo, 2 vols, in oqe,
Weimar, 1817. Kentucky, Munsell's Map of, 1818, 6 sheets.
Kramer's Geographie der Staaten des deutschen Bundes, 8vo. Bremen, 1818. Lay's Map of New- York, 1820. Lewis and Clarks Expedition to the sources of the Missouri and to the Pacific
Ocean, 2 vols. Svo. 1814. London Missionary Register. Long's Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in 1819, ■20, 8vo. 2 vol?, with an
atlas. Philadelphia, 1823. Melish's maps. Missionary Herald. Boston.
e CATALOGUE, kc.
M^Murtrie's Sketches of Louisville, Svo. 1819. H
Morris' Statistical Account of Litchfield county, Conn. 1815.
Morse's Report on Indian Affairs, 8vo« pp. 400* New-Haven, 1822.
Murray's Historical account of Discoveries and Travels in Asia, 3 vols. 8vo. «
Edinburgh, 1820. Murray's Historical account of Discoveries and Travels in Africa, 2 vols. 8vo.
Edinburgh, 1817. National Calendar for 1820, 1821, and 1822, 12mo. Washington City. National Gazette, Philadelphia. National Intelligencer, for 11 y^ars, (1812 — 1823.) New-Hampshire Gazetteer, by E. & P. Merril, 8vo. 1817. New-Hampshire Collections, Historical, Miscellaneous, he. Concord. New-York Gazetteer, by H. G. Spafford, 8vo. 1813.
New- York State, Topographical and Statistical Manual of, 2d edit. 8vo. 1822. Niles' Weekly Register, Baltimore, 23 vols, royal 8vo. North American Review, Boston. North Carolina, Price in Strother's map of, 3 sheets.
Nuttal's Travel's in Arkansas Territory, 8vo. pp. 29G. Philadelphia 1821. Ohio Gazetteer, by John Kilbourn, A. M. ]2mo. 1821.
Pike's Expeditions to the sources of the Mississippi, Arkansas, Sic. 8vo. 1810. Pitkin's Statistical View of the Commerce of the United States, 2d edition, 8vo.
Hartford, 1817. Quarterly Review, London. Rees' Cyclopedia, American edition.
Report of the Secretary of the Treasury on Roads and Canals, 1808. Schoolcraft's View of the Lead Mines of Missouri, 8vo. 1819. Schoolcraft's Narrative of the Expedition to the sources of the Mississippi, 8vo.
1821. Scorcsby's Account of the Arctic Regions, 2 vols. Svo. Seybcrt's Statistical Annals of the United States, 4to. Philadelphia, 1818. Shaw's description of Boston, 12mo.*1817.
Silliman's Tour from Hartford to Quebec, 12mo. New-Haven, 1820. Silliman's American Journal of Science and Arts, New-Haven. Smith's View of Upper Canada, 12mo. 1813. Stoddard's Sketches of Louisiana, 8vo. 1812. Sturges' map of Georgia, 1818. Tanner's New American Atlas, 1822. Folio. Thomas's Travels in the Western country, 1 2mo. 1319. Van Zandt's description of Illinois and Missouri, 8vo. 1810. Webster's Description of the Azores islands, 8vo. pp. 24'J. 1821. Boston. Whipple's Geographical and Statistical View of Maine, 181G.
EXPLANATION OF THE ABBREVIATIONS.
an.
A. Turkey.
cap.
C. H.
CO.
Conn, or Ct.
dep.
Eng.
Eu. Turkey.
fr.
Hind.
isl.
Ken. or Ky.
La. Mass.
Md. Mo. N. H.
ancient.
Asiatic Turkey.
capital.
Court house.
county.
Connecticut.
department.
England.
European Turkey.
from.
Hindoostan.
island.
Kentucky.
miles.
Louisiana.
Massachusetts*
Maryland.
Missouri.
New-Hampshire.
|
N. C. |
- North Carolina. |
|
N.J. |
New-Jersey. |
|
N. Y. |
- New-York. |
|
Pa. |
PeoBBylvania. |
|
p-t. |
post town. |
|
Pop. |
post village. Population* |
|
r. - - |
river. |
|
R.I. |
Rhode-Island. |
|
S. C. |
Sottth Carolina. |
|
Sq. m. |
- Square miles. |
|
Switz. , - |
Switzerland. |
|
s-p. |
seaport. |
|
Ten. |
Tennessee. |
|
t. |
town. ' |
|
ter. |
territory. |
|
Va. |
Virginia. |
|
U. States. |
United States. |
|
Vt. |
Vermont. |
Note. — ^In all places in the United States, when the (x^alation is e^resied without date, it Im an* (lentood to be accordiqg to the census of 182Q.
ff _
NEW UNIVERSAL GAZETTEER,
OR
GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY.
AAL
A
.A, r. Switzerland, runs into lake Lucerne ; another of this name falls into the lake of Wald- stadten ; and another into the Aar, 3 m. S. W. of
Brugg.
Jia^ r. France, rises near Rumilly, dep. of the Pas de Calais, becomes navigable at St. Omer, af- ter which it divides into three branches, and falls into the sea below Gravelines.
w^o, r. Netherlands, in Overyssel, falls into the lake of Giter,the issue of which is into the Zuyder Zee, near Blockzyl.
w^fl, r. Prussian Westphalia, in Munster, joins the Old Yssel above Hanlenberg.
w4a, r. Russia, in Courland, which is formed by the union of the I^ss and the Memel, and passing by Mittau, falls into the Gulf of Riga. Aabenradt, See Apet^rade. AatKt r. Baden, rises near the sources of the Danube and falls into the lake of Constance at Radolfzell. Aath^ t. Baden, 32 m. N. W. of Constance. Aaeheru See Aix la Chapdle, Aachen, See Stockath.
Aahtnu, or Akus^ in the bishopric of Munster, m rich baHiwick, comprising (nr towns and twen- ty parishes, and yielding # revenue of above 16,000 florins, or 1500/. sterling.
Aahaus, 1 32 m. N. W. of Munster. Pop. 1,600. Aaland. See Aland.
Aalhorf^^ one ofthefour bishopricks of N. Jut- land, in the N. part of the peninsula. Pop. about 90,000.
Aalborg^ the capital of the above, is h large and populous town, and, after Copenhagen acKl Odensee, the most opulent in Denmark. It car- ries on a good trade in com and excellent herrings. The harbor is deep an<l safe, though at one place rather difficult of entrance. 30 m. N. of Wiborg. Lat.ST'S'N. Lon.9»55'E.
2
AAR
Aakn^ t. Wurtemberg, on the Kocher. Loa. 10" E. Lat. 48* 47' N. Pop. 2^99.
AaUt, SeeAloti.
AalUn^ t Netherlands, in Gaelderland. Pop. 3320.
Aamara, a seaport of Barca, Africa, 60 m. S. E. of Tabaroa.
Aar^ or Aren^ r. Switzerland, which rises in the canton of Bern, and falls into the Rhine near Coblentz.
Aara^ t Arabia, in Hedsja8,25 m. S.W. Madian.
Aarabmu, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Diarbekir, oa the river Khabur, 18 m. S. E. of Ras-ain, 53 £. N. E. of Racca. Lat. 36° 21' N. Lon. 40" E,
Aaratju See Aran,
Aarbergyt. Switzerland, ^m. fr. Berne.
Aarlntrgy t. on the Aar, Switzerland, has a castle.
Aardeuburgy t. Netherlands, 11 m. N. E. of Bru- ges. P(|). l576.
Aarety t. Norway, 8 m. S. of Stavanger.
AargfMjtn, Argotr^ Argocia^ a Swiss canton. It
has the eantons of Zug and Zurich on the E. the
Rhine en the N. the cantons of Basil and Solothum
on the W. with those of Berne, Lucerne, and part
^ of Zao on the S. Extent, 650 sq. m. Pop. 132,763.
* Chief town, Arau.
Aarltvusy one of the four bishopricks of N. Jut- land, extending from the Categat to the bp. of Wi- boij. Pop. about 1 40,000. Sq . miles 2^47.
Aarhnuy capital of the above bp.' lies on a pleasant level between the sea and an inland lake, connected by a canal dividing the town into two equal parts. It enjoys a good trade with Livonia, Sweden, Norway, Holland, England, France, and Spain. The chief article of export is com. 48 m. S. of Aalborg. Lon. 10" 13* E. Lat. 56** 10' N. Pop. 4,052. Aaroe. ^ec ArrOe.
Aaronslmrgy p-t. Centre co. Pa. 15 m. E. Belle- font, 40 W. by N. fr. Sunbury.
10
ABB
ABE
AarorCs Island^ or 5/. Aanm^ an isl. on tlie N. W. coast of France, on which St. Malo is built.
Aarwangen^v. Switz. caaton of Berne, 12 m. £. of Solothum.
Aarweikr, See AhrweUer.
Aazyy t. France, dep. of the Aime, with good iron works, 5 m. S. W. of CbAteau-Thierry.
Abaeo. See Proridenet, JSew,
Abacooch^ See Cooaa.
Abacu^ a point of land on the S. coast of St. Do- mingo. Lon.26°44'W. Lat.32°5(yN.
AbacunOy r.S. America, which joins the Orinoco near the fall of Atures.
Abadaru, t. of the pachalic of Bagdaid, near the Persian Gulf. 40 m. S. £. of Bassora.
Abade^ v. Egypt, on4he Nile. On the same site was built, in a superior tarte, the ancient Greek city of Abydos. 80 m. S. Cairo.
Abadeh, a walled t. Persia, pro v. Fars. Lat. 3r 10' N. Pop. 5,000.
• Abahaner^ a country of Chmese Tartary, in- habited by the Mongol Turtars, near the wall of China.
Abaiit, r. Brazil, prov. of Minas Geraes, rons E. and falls into the Rio Francisco. Th« lai^st diamond ever produced iii Brazil, was found in this river.
Abakan^ r. Asia, which joins the Enesei, 16 m. S. of Abakansk.
Abakansky t. Russia, oa the Abakan, prov. of Kolhy^-ane. 340 m. £. of Kolhy vane. Lat. 64"* O'N.Lon. 91M4'E. Pop. 1,250.
Abanoy t. Austrian Italy, in Padua, noted for its hot sulphurous baths. Pop. 3,000.
Abcua^ AbateiOy or Abghat Great and LUlle^ Br country of Asia, bounded N. by Circassia, S. by Mingrelia, and S. W. by the Black sea. The in- habitants are a bold, rebelliout, mad independent people, subsisting chiefly b^ hunting and plunder. Some of the tribes have chiefs of their own ; oth- ers consider themselves under the protection of Russia; and several acknowledge no authoritj. Pop. about 150,000.
Aba-Ujcary district, Hungary, above the Theiss. It is rich in metals, precious stones, wixxl, and wine like Tokay. Pop. 120,000.
Abateiy the name given by the Abyssinians to the great river whidi passes through their coun- try, and which they consider, erroneously, as forming the principal head of the Nilfe. The name siu^iiies in their language, ^ The Father of Waters.^'
Abba dd Kariay isl. in the Indian occaa, 50 m. W. S. W. of the wl. of Socotra.
AbbefiorU seaport, Norway, 48 m. S. W. Chris- tian ia.
Abbedlieyt France, dop. of Somme ; celebrated for the manufacture of fine cloth. 9 leanes 21. W. of Amiens, 22 S. of Calais, and 40 N. W. of Paru«. Pop. 18,000.
Abbevilley district, S. C. on Savannah r. Chief t Abbeville. Pop. 23,167, slaves, 9,616; engaged lA Agriculture, 7,243, in commerce, 57, in manu- fictures, 229.
Abbeville^ p-t. Abbeville district, S. C. 118 m*. W. Columbia. It has a magazine, arsenal, and
goal.
AbbotSy p-v. Muskingham co. Ohio.
AbboUbury, t England, 8 m. W. S. W. of Dor- chester.
AbbntshaUy v. Scotland, Fife shire, on N. shore of the frith of Forth. Abundance of coal is found here, risingto the surface of the ground. Pop.2^9.
Abbott-Langlnf, v. England, Hertford co. 20 m.- from London. Pop. 1,9(K).
AbboUtown. See Berwick,
Abbrueky isl. Russia, near the isL of Oesel.
Abcoude, t Netherlands, 5. m. S. Amsterdam.
Abdoy a prov. on the W. coast of Morocco, fa- ^ mous for its breed of horses. Pop. 500,000b
Abdulgunge, t. Hindostan, prov. of Oude, 15 m. N. Cha^pore.
Abearetf t. Arabia, prov, Hedsjas, 80 m. N. of Saade.
AbeiUy r. Tartary, bimnch of the Jihon.
Abelirij a castle and hamlet, Palestine, on a fine eminence, 8 m. from Acre.
Abelia^ t. Spain, in Catalonia, 30 m. N. of Ba- lagucr.
Abenhergy t. Bavaria, 22 m. N. of Eichstadt. Pop. 1,000.
Abenoja, t Spain, 20 m. S. W. of Cindad Real.
Abenrade. See Apenrade,
Abensberi/I a* district and t. in Bavaria, on the river Abens, 20 m. E. of Ingolstadt Lon. 1 r 52' £. Lat 48* 46' N. Pop. 1 ,054.
Aber, v. Wales, Caernarvon shirt, on the sea • ^' coast. Pop. 534. 6 m. from Bangor.
.^6fraron, t. Wales, at fhe moutfi of the Avon. - Aberbrolhoekf or Arbroath^ seaport, Scotland, Anffus CO. Pop. 8,15a 58 m. N. £. Edinbui^gh, 12S. W.Montrose.
Abercompayj or ConiMiy, seaport, Wales, 18 m* fr. Denbigh, 23 fr. Caernarvon. Pop. 1 ^163.
Abereorriy v. Scotland, 12 m. W. of £dinbur|^.
Abercom, t. Georgia, on Savamiah river, 18 m. N. W. Savannah, 5 fr. Ebeneier.
Abercrmnbie^ t. Effingham co. Lower Canada, 36 m. N. W. Montreal.
Aberdeen^ city, Scotland, in Aberdeen shire, on the Don, a mile from the sea. It is called Old Aberdeen, in contradistinction to the town of that name about a mile distant, from which it is quite separate, both in civil and ecclesiastical constitu- tion. An university, called King's Collegje, wa» founded in 1506. It has profeasorships of divinity, civil law, medicine, humanity, Greek, moral phi- losophy, natural philosophy, mathematics, and Oriental languages. Belonging to the university are a very considerable numoer of bursaries or en- dowments for the support of -itudents ; the total number of whom in 1816— 18K, was 187. The library contains 12,935 volumes of printed works, and several curious manuscripts. Fop. 1,91 1 .
Aberdeen^ seaport, Scotland, Aberdeen co. and the principal city of Scotland N. of the river Fortli. A fine bridge, of a single arch, of 132 feet span, of granite, was erected recently in Union- street, at an expense of 10,000/.^ There are twen- ty one places for divine worship in this city, for different denominations ofChristians. An univer- sity, called MariscMfrCollege, was founded here in the year 1593. THe buildings, which occupy a considerable area towards the north-east part of the city, have been erected at difierent periods, and are very irregular. An observatory has been constructed over a portion of them lately, elevated abo^t sixty feet above the court below, and com- manding a spacious view. This institution has a good library, containing about 10,000 volumes. — The two universities, King^s Collctge and Maris- chal College, are quite distinct and independent of eac^ other, and some attempts for their union under one system have proved abortive. Maris- chal College was attended by 220 students daring the winter Mition 1816^1817, besiieB 105 itu-
5
AB I
ABO
II
dents of divinity, alternately attending each uni- versity. Trade and mana&ctures are actively prosecuted to a large extent. The latter chiefly consist of woollen, linen, and cotton, in all their dificrent stages. The principal exports are grain, fish, thread, hosiery, cotton, and linen goods, and not less than 7,000 tons.o^ granite yearly, for pavii^ the streets of London. Pop. 33^639. 106 m. N. of Edinburgh. Lon. 2" 8* W. Lat. SV 0' N.
•^berdeeHf co. Scotland, bounded N. and E. by the German t>eean, on the S. by Perth, Forfar, and Kincardine. Pop. 135,075.
Aberdeen^ t. Brown co. Ohio, on the Ohio, 9 m. S.E. of Ripley, 17 8.W. from West-Union. Pop. 87.
Aberdowr^ v. Scotland, Aberdeen shire, 8 m. from Frazerburgh.
Aherdmtr^ v. Scotland, Fife shire, 10 m. N. W. of Edinbuigh. Pop. 1,800.
Abtffddu^ V. Scotland, on the Tay, 76 m. N. W. Edinburgh.
w96ei^(M,t. England, 8 m. fr. LfCeds. ^ . Ahtrforty t Russia, gov. of Wiborg, 30 m. W. of ^. Frederickshamm. * ' AberfinfUt v. Scotland, Perth shire, 9 m. E. Kip-
Aberfmwy t. in the isl. of Angle8ea,f0 m. £. S. E« of Holyhead. Pop. 1,064.
AbergimmMi^ t. Englaikl, Monmouth co. 17 m. fr. Mownonthl Pop. 2,815.
Abergdoh ^ seaport in N. Wales, Denbigh Co.
13 m. fr. Aberoonway. Pop. 1^044. AbeHadjff v. Scotland, Haddmgton shire, on the
S. shore of the Forth, 16 m. from Edinburgh.
Abtrlfmno^ v. Scotland, Angus ^lire, hMM two singular obeUsks, covered with ru^ sculptures. 4 m. S. of Brechin.
Abenuihv^ t Scotland, Perth shire. Here is a circular piUar, 74 feet high, and 16 in diameter ; consisting of 64 regular courses of hewn stone. 7 ra. from Perth. Pop. IfiQS.
Abemelhif, v. Scotland, Elgin shire, 30 m. S. E. of Inverness. Pop. 1,709.
AberUmn^ t of Bohemia, circle of Elnbogen. Pop. 900.
Aberjfttwiik^ seaport, S. Wales, Cardigan shire, 39 m. N. of Cardigan. Pop. 234. Lat. 52" 17' N. Lon. 4" 20r W.
Abettad, See Afvutad.
^6er,'a name given to the region along the W. coast of the Red sea, between Abyssinia and E- gypt. It ccmsists chiefly of mountains and deserts, and has been very little explored. Between Lat. irand24»N.
Abi'Atrah, r. Persia, running into the Caspian sea, 30 m. N. N. W. of Ashor.
AbiOy r. in the N. part of the isL of Borneo, with
14 feet water on a bar at the mouth in spring tide, opposite to the isle of Usookan.
Abiad, Bahr ei^ r: Africa, is considered as the head of the Nile. It rises in the mountains of the Moon, several hundred miles S. of Darfoor.
Abiadf t on the coast of Abex, on a high moun- tain, and remarkable for its trade in ebony and ar- omatick plants.
Abia'GroisOf i, Austrian Italy, dutchy of Milan, on the Naviglio canal, 12 m. S. W. of Milan. Pop. 2,875.
Abild^ t Sweden, prov. of Halland, 20 m. N. of Halmstadt,
AbineavL See Lone Point.
Abing^Um^ t England, Berkshire, on the Thames.
Pop. 4,80L 6 m. a of Oxford, and 56 W. N. W. of Loudon.
Abingdmij t. Haiford co. Md. 20 m. N. E. Bal- timoHe. Pop. 300.
Abingdon, p-t and cap. Washington co. Va* nc«r the S. W. comer of the state, 260 m. from Richmond. A cave, arched with a massy rock, penetrates 300 feet into the hill on which the town stands. It has several apartments, and a btook running through it
Abington, p-t Plymouth co. Mass, 18 ul S. £. Boston. Pop. l',920.
Abington, p-t Luzerne co. Pa. 145 m. N. E. Harrisburgh, 15 N. E. Wilkesbarre. Pop. 1^12.
Abinjgton, t Montgomery co. Pa. 12 m. N. Phil- adelphia. Pop. 1,4£^
AbiTigton Societjif, p-v. Windham co. Ct.
Abiponety wariike Indians who inhabit between 28° and 30° S. lat. on the banks of the river Plate. Number about 5g000. During the five winter months the country which they inhabit u inunda- ted, when they retire to live in the islands or ou the tops of trees.
Abitca^ prov. of Peru, £• of the Andes, and S. of Cuzco. It is little known, consisting entirely of woods, rivers, and lakes, beii^^ the refuge of ma- ny barbarous nations of Indians, who have been driven oat of the more frequented parts of the oountm^_
AbSSttS^ Persia, in Khorassan, on the river of the fufariame, 10 m. W. of Asserabad, and 40 W. of Jorjan. Lat 3T 10' N. Lon. 54" 5' E.
Akiacoun^ r. Persia. It falls into the Caspian 90 m. W. Abiscoun.
Abitmes, Quartel du, that part of the island of Guadaloupe which looks to the north-east
Abisoy or AbiutL, r. Sicily, which falls into the sea between Syracuse and Cape Passaro.
Abitibbiy a small lake, Uj^per Canada ; also the name of a river which runnmg N. joins Moose riv- er near ite mouth at James bay.
AbUigaSy a numerous and Warlike nation of barbarous Indians, in the province aiid jurisdiction of Turma in Peru, who live a wandering life in the woods.
Abiverdj or Baoerdy t Persia, in Khorassan, 350 m. S. S. W. of Samarcand. Lat 38" 16' N. Lon. 76" E.
Abkurerty r. Persia, running into the Bend Emir, 14 m. S. E. of Baiza.
Ablaeh^ r. Germany, which falls into the Dan- ube, near Scheer, in Wirtemberg.
Ablaikei, t Russian Tartary. Here are the re- mains of a great temple, said to have been erected before the year 1671, by Ablai, a Kalmuck chiei^ to the gods of his nation ; the wliole surrounded by a wall of 15 feet high. Though now in a stete of rapid decay, some MS3. reganling the Mongols and Tans^ts, were here preserved, during last cen- tury. 540 m. S. E. of Tobolsk. Lon. 82*' 14' £L Lat. 49" 20* N.
Abo, the capital of Finland, lies at the extremitT of the promontory formed by the gulfs of Bothnia and Finland, on the river Aura jocki, which runs through the town. It has* a commodious harbor, and drives a considerable trade with other towns in Finland, in com, cattle, fish, wood, iron, tar, and cloth. Its foreign commerce extends to Eng- land, Holland, and, in a small degree, to the Mediterranean. Here are manufactories of cloth, silk, cotton, ropes, and pajier, along with a sugar refinery ; there are likewi^ two dock-yards, and
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one of the best glass houses in the Russian domin- ions. Pop. in r791, 11,500. Gustavus Adolphus founded here an academy in 1628<, which, in 1640, was raised to the rank of a university. A number of Finnish and Russian jrouths here qualify them- selves for the bar or pulpit. Lon. 22* T £. Lat. 60*28'N.
Afigmey^ capital of the kingdom of Dahomey, which lies a little inland from the Slave Coast of Africa, and is noted for the ferocious despotism of its government. The roof of the king*s bouse is said to be adorned with human skulls, and piles of heads, erected on each side of the gates. Pop. 24,000. Lon.O'S&E. Lat.7'»50'N.
Aboro^ t. and district, on the Gold Coast of Guinea, on the river Ancobra, immediately be- hind Axim.
Aboro, a market t. in the kingdom of Acra, on the Gold Coast of Afriea. • Aborroen^ a seaport, Brazil, prov. of Seanu
Aboucaii^ mi, of Arabia, 3 miles from Mecca, where, according to a tradition among the Ma- hometans, Adam was buried.
AbouiUona^ or AbeUiorUe^ lake, Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia, at the foot of Mount Olympus. A riv- er called Lupat issues from the west end of the lake, which is navigable by boats to the sea of Marmora. 8 m. from Bursa.
Aboukir^ t. of Egypt, with a castlejJ^L N. E. of Alexandria. This was the point dHHjKiy Sir Ralph Abercromby to effect his landm|^^ 1801.
Aboukir Bay^ formed on the W. side by the point of land on which the town is situated, and on the east by that which lies at the mouth of the * Rosetta branch of the Nile. In this bay was fouscht by Lord Nelson, in 1801, the famous battle of the Nile, in which thirteen French sail of the line were taken or destroyed. The country around is barren.
Abouiige, or Abuiige, t. of Upper Egypt in the Thebais, on the W. bank of the Nile, a little S.^f Siout. The best* of opium is made out of the abundance of poppies which frow here. 170 m. S. of Cairo. Lat. 26** SO' N.
Abrantes, fortified town on the Tagus, in Portu- guese Estremadura, 45 m. E. Lisbon.
Abrtholhos^ Abrolhot^ or Abreogot, Poini of, on the coast of Brazil, in Lon. 30" 51' 30" W. Lat. 18* 19" 30" S. Near this point are some hidden rocks or sand banks, on wMch numbers of vessels have suffered shipwreck. These sand banks are more than 20 leagues from the continent, and, cal- culated from their centre, lie in Lon. 39° 18^ W. Lat. 17" 51' 20" S.
Abriet^ or AurietL, t. France, dep. of the Upper Alps, 16 leagues E. S. E. of Gap. Pop. 136.
Abrojos^ or Bcaot de Babxua^B. bank E.of Turks- Island, W. I. Lon. 70° 40" W. Lat. 21° 5' N.
Abron^ r. France, which runs into the Loire, between Avril and Lamotte.
Abrug-BanyOf or Abrobania, t. Transylvania, on the Omi>a, 21 m. from Alba Julia. It is the prin- cipal^f what are called the metal towns. Lon. 22°10'E. Lat. 46' 28" N.
Abruxzo^ one of the four ^at provinces of the kingdom of Naples, bounded E. by the Adriatic, N. and W. by the states of the Church, and S. by the provinces of Terra di Lavoro, and Capitana- ta. It is divided into 3 provinces : Abruzzo Ultra I. Pop. 157^000. Chief town Teramo ; Abruzzo Ul- tra U. Pop. 233,000. Chief town Aquila ; and Abruzzo Citra. Pop. 2J2^000. Chief town, Chieti.
Abs. t. France, dep. of the Ardeche, 8 m. N. W. of Viriers. Abaeeombe^ p-v. Gloucester co. N. J . Abtharon^ penimula of Persia, projecting inta the Caspian sea. It forms the district o[ Baku and is |>art of the Pernan territory annexed to Russia. It 18 an inexhaustible source of the Naptha. Here a few Guebres have aitablished themselves, to- gether with temples, near to what is esteemed per- petual fire, the object of their adoration. Lat. 40°10'N. Abttotten, See AbtUlten and AnuUMen, Abtenau^ t, Austria, in Saltsburg, 20 m. S. S. £. Soltzburg.
Abiegemund, v. in Wirtemberg, on the Kocber, 6 m. S. W. of EUwan^n.
Abu-Ariuhy a territory of Arabia, near the Red Sea, extending from 15° Sa to 17° 40" N. lat. Its principal towns are Abu-Arisch, Gesan a sea- port, Harradi, and Sabea. Salt is obtained from the hills in the vicinity, and exported.
AbU'Ariteh, city Arabia, in Yemen, 80 m. £. ^\ Loheia. Lon.42°3a£. Lat 16° 45' N.
Abucai^ t. on the N. W. coast of the isl. of Min- danao. Lon. 125°24'£.Lat8°40'N.
Abueeety S, Jo$eph delot, b, settlement of Indians in S. Ameria^ on a branch of the Putumayo. Lon. 75°22'W. Lat.0°36'N.
Abu-Daheaj a rocky islet in the Red sea, near the coast of Arabia. Lat. 25° 19' N.
Ab^MeaUt, isl. in the Red sea, near the coast of Arabia. Lat. 25° 19' N.
Aburra^ S. Bariohme de, t. of New Granada. Lon.75°irW. Lat. 5° 51' 30" N.
Abury, V. Eag. Wiltshire, celebrated for a stu- pendous assemblage of stones, of great antiquity, artificially arranged. 6 m. fr. Marlborough, 81 fr. London.
Abusehureia, isl. near the £. shore of the Red sea. Lat. 16° 54' N. AbuKhutcha,i3\.iaiheRedaeau Lat.27°20'N. Abmir, or Biuir, t. Egypt, on the Nile, 40 m. S. Damietta.
Abutir^ two fortified eminences, .120 m. W. of Alexandria, in Egypt.
Abiiteha, r. Siberia, runs into the Yana. Lob« 132° 44' E. Lat 66° 30' N. Abulige. See Abouiiee. Aby, t Sweden, in W. Bothnia, 10 m. S. Pitea. Al^inia, an extensive kingdom of Africa, bounded £. by the Red sea, N. by Sennaar, W. and S. by Sennaar, Kordofan and vast and barba- rous regions ; about 770 m. long, and 550 broad. The ranges of mountains, with which it is every wifere intersected, preserve the air cool, and af- ford a supply of water sufficient to maintain fertili- ty. The declivities of the mountains afibrd the most agreeable situations, upon which most of the towns and villages are built In consequence of this physical structure, Abytainia is exceedingly fertile, and is exempted in a great measure from that sand w^iich dooms so large a portion of Afri- ctk to sterility. Wheat is raised in considerable quantity ; tefi'grows on every soil, and affords the bread which is in universal use. One of the most important natural curiosities of Abyssinia, is the great plain of salt, between Amphila and Massu- ah. It covers a flat plain, about four days jour- ney across. . It is perfectly pure and hard for about two feet deep. It is cut with an adze into pieces, which not only serve as seasoning to food, but even circulate as money in Abyssinia. The digring of the salt is attended with cooaideroble dai^r,
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from the vicinity of the Galla, who frequently attack those employed, as well as the caravans, which convey the salt to Antalo. — ^The govern- ment is a despotism ; the power of the soverei£;n has no limit; there is no assembly of the people, nor any nobles to controul its exercise. But this absolute power is set at open defiance, not only by a numtier of savage tribes established in the heart of his dominions, but by the governor of the small- est province; by every one in short who can col- lect around him a body of armed men. Civil war rages thus almost without intermission. This perpetual state of civil war and confusion seems to be the main cause of that peculiar barbarism and brutality, by which the manners of Abyssinia are characterised. Dead bodies lie in the streets, without being allowed the rites of sepulture, but are left to be devoured by the dogs and hysoiias. They eat raw flesh, and when on a journey, are in the habit of cutting steaks from a living animal, then closing up the wound and driving him on. Marriage in Abyssinia is a very sligtit connection, formed and dissolved at pleasure. Although the Abyssinians profess Christianity, their religion still retains a large share of Judaical observances. They abstain from the meats prohibited by the Mosaic law ; practise circumcision, and keep both the Saturday and Sunday as Sabbaths. The Cop- tic patriardi of Cairo continues still to be the nominal head of the church, from whom the Abu- na, the resident head, receives his investiture. Their veneration for the Virgid is unbounded. Their saints are very numerous, and surpass in miraculous power even those of the Romish calen- dar. The foreicn commerce of Abyssinia is car- ried on entirely by way of Massuah, whence the emnmunication with the interior is maintained by the channel of Adowa. The imports are chiefly lead, block tin, gold foil, Persian carpets, raw silln from China, velvets, French broadcloths, coloxu^ skins from Egypt, glass beads and decanters from Venice. The exports consist of gold, ivory, and slaves. The population is variously estimated from 2 to 3,000,000.
Jibsai, r. Persia, flows into the Persian gulf.
j^cabet AuoUom^ a seaport of Barca in Africa, 60 m. S. E. of Tabarca.
Acadia^ the name by which Nova Scotia was called when it belonged to the French. See Ko- va Scolia,
Acadia^ co. Louisiana. Pop. 6,174. Chief t. Godberrys, between lake Maurepas and the Mis- sissippi.
Aeaguiry, t. Hindostan, in Golconda; 36 m. N. W. Adoni.
Aeama, or Cape St. Epipfiantff a promontory of the island of Cyprus.
Aeantit r. in the province of Darien, which falls into the sea between Cape Tiburon and the bay of Caledonia.
AcamUeo, or Los Reget, t. Mexico, on the coast of the Pacific ocean. Its port is one of the finest in the world, and capable of containing any num- ber of vessels in perfect safety. The principal trade of Acapulco is with Manilla, one of the Philippine islands, to which it has for a long pe- riod sent out annually a large vessel, called a ^- Icon. The lading from Acapulco to Manilla gen- erally consists of silver, a very small quantity of cochineal from Oxaca, of cocoa from Gua3raquil and Carraccas, wine, oil, and Spanish wool. The value of the precious metals, exported in a single ye9«el, including what is not registered, amounts
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in general to about 900fi00l, or SSO/XXM. The galleon generally sails from Manilla in the middle of July, or beg^inning of August, when the south- west monsoon is already completely established. Its cargo consists of muslins, printed calicoes, coarse cotton shirts, raw silks, china, silk stock- ings, articles of jewelry, spices, and aromatics. The voyage formerly last»i from five to six months, but now only three or four. As soon as the intel- ligence arrives at Mexico, that the galleon has been seen off the coast, the roads are covered with travellers, and every merchant hastens to treat with the supercargoes who arrive from Manilla. Acapulco, owing to its position, is extremely un- healthy ; and the unfortunate inhabitants, besides being torments with earthquakes and hurricanes, breathe a burning air, fall of insects, and vitiated by putrid emanati6iii. Bilious fevers, ami the cholera morbus^ are very frequent, and the Mexi« cans, who descend from the table land to purchase goods, on the arrival of the galleon, are frequently the victims of those diseases. Pop. 4^000, mostly people of color. At the time of the arrival of the